mac2 galectin 3  (Galectin Therapeutics)

Journal: Nature Communications

Article Title: NF-κB activation in astrocytes impairs wound healing after traumatic brain injury in male mice

doi: 10.1038/s41467-026-70304-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: a Heat map (log 2 normalization) of genes encoding inflammasome components expressed in GoF ACSA-2+ astrocytes at day 3 post-TBI compared to TBI controls. b Immunoblot analysis and corresponding quantification of c ASC, d NLRP3 and e AIM2 inflammasome components. Expression was normalized to eIF2 loading control. f Immunoblot analyses and the corresponding quantification of protein expression of g TGM1, h NRF2, i IBA1, j HO-1, k MAC2, l OPN and m LCN2 in the ipsilateral insult region (ip) and in the contralateral uninjured (co) cortical brain tissue from control ( n = 3) and IKK2-CA GFAP ( n = 3) animals. Tissue was isolated at day 3 post-TBI. n Ratio of normalized OPN and LCN2. For quantification, protein levels were normalized to β-actin loading control. Bars indicate mean ± SEM. Statistical comparison by ordinary one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Exact significances indicated in graphs. Protein expression presented in arbitrary units (arb. units). Protein data are presented as biological replicates. Blue: control ipsi, white: control contra, red: IKK2-CA GFAP ipsi, black: IKK2-CA GFAP contra. OPN: Osteopontin (Spp1), HO-1: Heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), MAC2: Galectin-3 (Lgals3). Source data are provided as a file.

Article Snippet: OPN: Osteopontin (Spp1), HO-1: Heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1), MAC2: Galectin-3 (Lgals3).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Control, Isolation, Comparison

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Aggressive cholesterol lowering normalizes atherosclerosis regression in Jak2 V617F mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2026.101003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Atherosclerosis regression is incomplete in Jak2 VF MPN mice with moderate cholesterol lowering. A: Study design created with BioRender.com. B: Plasma cholesterol (n = 34, 55, 55, 54, 16, 16 for Ctrl mice, n = 31, 55, 49, 39, 17, 16 for Jak2 VF mice, for weeks 0, 5, 11, 15, 17.5, 21 respectively). P = 0.028, <0.0001, <0.0001, <0.0001, 0.0005, <0.0001 (Ctrl vs. Jak2 VF at weeks 0, 5, 11, 15, 17.5, and 21, respectively). C: H&E images of aortic root lesions. Black lines , necrotic core. Scale bar, 200 μm. D: Lesion area, n = 15–23. P < 0.0001 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline; Ctrl LDL Lowering vs. Jak2 VF LDL Lowering), P = 0.052 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). E: Necrotic core area, n = 15–23. P = 0.0079 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline), P = 0.0002 (Ctrl LDL Lowering vs. Jak2 VF LDL Lowering), P = 0.0003 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). F: Picrosirius red-stained aortic root lesions. Scale bar, 200 μm. G: Collagen area as a percentage of lesion area, n = 15–24. P = 0.02 (Ctrl Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). H: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ) and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 200 μm. I: Macrophage area, n = 15–24. P = 0.006 (Ctrl Baseline vs. LDL Lowering), P = 0.16 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). All quantifications shown as mean ± s.e.m. Two-way ANOVA with the Geisser-Greenhouse correction for sphericity and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (B). Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (D, E, G, and I). DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm.

Article Snippet: Following blocking, sections were incubated with the following primary antibodies at the indicated concentrations overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber: Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) (Abcam, ab119791, 1:250), Cleaved GasD (Cell Signaling, 10137, 10 μg/ml), c-Myc (Cell Signaling, 5605, 5.76 μg/ml), Ki67 (Abcam, ab15580, 9 μg/ml), MAC2 (Cedarlane, CL8942AP 1 μg/ml), MAC2 conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (Cedarlane, CL8942AF4, 1 μg/ml), mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) (R&D, BAF591, 2 μg/ml), pγH2AX (Cell Signaling, 9718, 0.74 μg/ml), ZsGreen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, TA180002, 10 μg/ml), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) (Denali, 4D9 DC1847, 1:100).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Staining

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Aggressive cholesterol lowering normalizes atherosclerosis regression in Jak2 V617F mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2026.101003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Aggressive cholesterol lowering normalizes regression in Jak2 VF MPN lesions. A: Study design, created with BioRender.com. B: Plasma cholesterol (n = 5, 38, 19, 18, and 18 for Ctrl mice, n = 5, 37, 15, 16, and 15 for Jak2 VF mice, for weeks 0, 4, 13, 15, and 18, respectively). P = 0.0041 for genotype effect by two-way ANOVA with Geisser-Greenhouse correction, P = 0.011, 0.048, 0.056, and 0.0008 (Ctrl vs. Jak2 VF at weeks 0, 4, 13, and 15, respectively). C: H&E images of aortic root lesions. Black lines , necrotic core. Scale bar, 200 μm. D: Lesion area, n = 13–20. P < 0.0001 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline; Ctrl LDL Lowering vs. Jak2 VF LDL Lowering). Figures 1 and 4 represent independent regression cohorts performed separately; therefore, absolute lesion area should be compared within each cohort rather than between figures. E: Necrotic core area, n = 13–20. P = 0.0003 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline), P = 0.0006 (Ctrl LDL Lowering vs. Jak2 VF LDL Lowering), P = 0.90 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). F: Picrosirius red-stained aortic root lesions. Scale bar, 200 μm. G: Collagen area as a percentage of lesion area, n = 13–20. P < 0.0001 (Ctrl Baseline vs. LDL Lowering), P = 0.0002 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering), P = 0.02 (Ctrl LDL Lowering vs. Jak2 VF LDL Lowering). H: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ) and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 200 μm. I: Macrophage area, n = 13–20. P < 0.0001 (Ctrl and Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). All quantifications shown as mean ± s.e.m. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (D, G, and I). Two-way ANOVA with the Geisser-Greenhouse correction for sphericity and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (B). Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (E). DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm.

Article Snippet: Following blocking, sections were incubated with the following primary antibodies at the indicated concentrations overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber: Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) (Abcam, ab119791, 1:250), Cleaved GasD (Cell Signaling, 10137, 10 μg/ml), c-Myc (Cell Signaling, 5605, 5.76 μg/ml), Ki67 (Abcam, ab15580, 9 μg/ml), MAC2 (Cedarlane, CL8942AP 1 μg/ml), MAC2 conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (Cedarlane, CL8942AF4, 1 μg/ml), mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) (R&D, BAF591, 2 μg/ml), pγH2AX (Cell Signaling, 9718, 0.74 μg/ml), ZsGreen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, TA180002, 10 μg/ml), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) (Denali, 4D9 DC1847, 1:100).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Staining

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Aggressive cholesterol lowering normalizes atherosclerosis regression in Jak2 V617F mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2026.101003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Cholesterol lowering suppresses Jak2 VF macrophage proliferation and DNA damage. A: Study design created with BioRender.com. B: Plasma cholesterol (n = 79, 78, and 78 for Baseline mice for weeks 3, 11, and 15, respectively; n = 13, 14 for Ctrl Progression mice, n = 16, 16 for Ctrl LDL Lowering mice, n = 15, 15 for Jak2 VF Progression mice, n = 16, 16 for Jak2 VF LDL Lowering mice, for weeks 18 and 23, respectively). C: Images of aortic root lesions for MAC2 ( Green ), Cleaved GasD ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. D: Log 10 transformed cleaved GasD mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in lesions with the addition of constant 1, n = 14–16. P = 0.01 (Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Progression), P = 0.051 ( Jak2 VF Progression vs. Jak2 VF LDL Lowering). E: Log 10 transformed cleaved GasD MFI in the necrotic core with the addition of constant 1, n = 14–16. P = 0.04 (Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Progression), P = 0.013 ( Jak2 VF Progression vs. Jak2 VF LDL Lowering). F: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), Cleaved GasD ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. White arrows , cleaved GasD + macrophages. G: Log 10 transformed cleaved GasD positive macrophages per section with the addition of constant 1, n = 14–16. H: Images of aortic root lesions for MAC2 ( Red ), Ki67 ( White ), and ZsGreen ( Green ). Scale bar, 60 μm. White arrows , macrophages double positive for Ki67 and ZsGreen. I: Macrophages positive for both Ki67 and ZsGreen per section, n = 13–15. P = 0.0019 (Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Progression), P = 0.0006 (Ctrl Progression vs. Jak2 VF Progression), P = 0.0003 ( Jak2 VF Progression vs. Jak2 VF LDL Lowering). J: Macrophages positive for Ki67 but negative for ZsGreen per section, n = 13–16. K: Images of aortic root lesions stained for pγH2AX ( Red ), ZsGreen ( Green ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. White arrows, pγH2AX positive cells. L: Log 10 transformed cells double positive for pγH2AX and ZsGreen in lesions with the addition of constant 1, n = 13–16. P = 0.0024 (Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Progression), P = 0.0019 ( Jak2 VF Progression vs. Jak2 VF LDL Lowering). M: Log 10 transformed cells positive for pγH2AX but negative for ZsGreen in lesions with the addition of constant 1, n = 13–16. All quantifications shown as mean ± s.e.m. One-way ANOVA with Holm–Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (D and E). Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparison’s test (G, I, J, L, and M). DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GasD, gasdermin D; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; pγH2AX, phosphorylated histone H2A.X.

Article Snippet: Following blocking, sections were incubated with the following primary antibodies at the indicated concentrations overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber: Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) (Abcam, ab119791, 1:250), Cleaved GasD (Cell Signaling, 10137, 10 μg/ml), c-Myc (Cell Signaling, 5605, 5.76 μg/ml), Ki67 (Abcam, ab15580, 9 μg/ml), MAC2 (Cedarlane, CL8942AP 1 μg/ml), MAC2 conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (Cedarlane, CL8942AF4, 1 μg/ml), mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) (R&D, BAF591, 2 μg/ml), pγH2AX (Cell Signaling, 9718, 0.74 μg/ml), ZsGreen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, TA180002, 10 μg/ml), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) (Denali, 4D9 DC1847, 1:100).

Techniques: Clinical Proteomics, Transformation Assay, Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Aggressive cholesterol lowering normalizes atherosclerosis regression in Jak2 V617F mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2026.101003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Moderate cholesterol lowering reverses macrophage AIM2 inflammasome activation, DNA damage, and proliferation in Jak2 VF MPN lesions. A: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), Cleaved GasD ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. B: Log 10 transformed cleaved GasD mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in lesions with the addition of constant 1, n = 15–24. P = 0.021 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline). C: Log 10 transformed cleaved GasD mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in necrotic cores with the addition of constant 1, n = 15–24. P = 0.0008 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline), P = 0.032 (Ctrl LDL Lowering vs. Jak2 VF LDL Lowering). D: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), Cleaved GasD ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. White arrows , cleaved GasD + macrophages. E: Log 10 transformed cleaved GasD positive macrophages per section with the addition of constant 1, n = 15–24. P = 0.024 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). F: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), AIM2 ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. White arrows , AIM2 positive macrophages. G: Log 10 transformed AIM2 positive macrophages per section with the addition of constant 1, n = 15–23. P = 0.0001 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline), P = 0.03 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). H: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), pγH2AX ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. White arrows , pγH2AX positive cells. I: Log 10 transformed pγH2AX positive cells per section with the addition of constant 1, n = 15–23. P = 0.0019 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline), P = 0.045 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). J: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), Ki67 ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. White arrows , Ki67 positive macrophages. K: Log 10 transformed Ki67 positive macrophages per section with the addition of constant 1, n = 15–23. P = 0.0019 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). MAC2 intensity differences reflect independent staining and imaging sessions across panels. All quantifications shown as mean ± s.e.m. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (B and C). Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (E, G, I, and K). AIM2, absent in melanoma 2; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GasD, gasdermin D; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm; pγH2AX, phosphorylated histone H2A.X.

Article Snippet: Following blocking, sections were incubated with the following primary antibodies at the indicated concentrations overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber: Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) (Abcam, ab119791, 1:250), Cleaved GasD (Cell Signaling, 10137, 10 μg/ml), c-Myc (Cell Signaling, 5605, 5.76 μg/ml), Ki67 (Abcam, ab15580, 9 μg/ml), MAC2 (Cedarlane, CL8942AP 1 μg/ml), MAC2 conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (Cedarlane, CL8942AF4, 1 μg/ml), mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) (R&D, BAF591, 2 μg/ml), pγH2AX (Cell Signaling, 9718, 0.74 μg/ml), ZsGreen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, TA180002, 10 μg/ml), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) (Denali, 4D9 DC1847, 1:100).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Staining, Transformation Assay, Fluorescence, Imaging

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Aggressive cholesterol lowering normalizes atherosclerosis regression in Jak2 V617F mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2026.101003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Moderate cholesterol lowering reverses impaired efferocytosis in Jak2 VF MPN lesions while increasing TREM2 Hi macrophages in control and Jak2 VF MPN lesions. A: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), MerTK ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. B: Percentage of MAC2 positive area double positive for MerTK and MAC2, n = 15–23. P = 0.02 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline), P < 0.0001 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). C: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), TREM2 ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. D: Percentage of MAC2 positive area double positive for TREM2 and MAC2, n = 15–24. P < 0.0001 (Ctrl and Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). E: Images of in situ efferocytosis in aortic root lesions: MAC2 ( Green ), TUNEL ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. White arrows , nuclei double positive for TUNEL and MAC2. White wedges , nuclei positive for TUNEL but negative for MAC2. F: Percentage of TUNEL positive nuclei also positive for MAC2. P = 0.011 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline), P = 0.021 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). MAC2 intensity differences reflect independent staining and imaging sessions across panels, n = 13–24. All quantifications shown as mean ± s.e.m. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (D). Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn’s multiple comparisons test (B and F). DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MerTK, mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm; TREM2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2.

Article Snippet: Following blocking, sections were incubated with the following primary antibodies at the indicated concentrations overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber: Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) (Abcam, ab119791, 1:250), Cleaved GasD (Cell Signaling, 10137, 10 μg/ml), c-Myc (Cell Signaling, 5605, 5.76 μg/ml), Ki67 (Abcam, ab15580, 9 μg/ml), MAC2 (Cedarlane, CL8942AP 1 μg/ml), MAC2 conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (Cedarlane, CL8942AF4, 1 μg/ml), mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) (R&D, BAF591, 2 μg/ml), pγH2AX (Cell Signaling, 9718, 0.74 μg/ml), ZsGreen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, TA180002, 10 μg/ml), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) (Denali, 4D9 DC1847, 1:100).

Techniques: Control, Staining, In Situ, TUNEL Assay, Imaging

Journal: Journal of Lipid Research

Article Title: Aggressive cholesterol lowering normalizes atherosclerosis regression in Jak2 V617F mice

doi: 10.1016/j.jlr.2026.101003

Figure Lengend Snippet: Aggressive cholesterol lowering more strongly decreases macrophage pyroptosis and DNA damage in Jak2 VF MPN lesions. A: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), cleaved GasD ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. B: Log 10 transformed cleaved GasD MFI in the necrotic core with the addition of constant 1, n = 14–20. P = 0.0064 for genotype effect and P = 0.021 for treatment effect by two-way ANOVA. C: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), Cleaved GasD ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. White arrows , cleaved GasD + macrophages. D: Log 10 transformed cleaved GasD positive macrophages per section with the addition of constant 1, n = 13–20. P = 0.023 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline), P = 0.005 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). E: Representative immunoblot analysis of full-length and cleaved GasD in CD11b + splenocytes. F: Log 10 transformed densitometric quantification of the ratio of cleaved GasD to full-length GasD from E with the addition of constant 1. n = 7–8 biological replicates. P = 0.0003 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline), P = 0.0046 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). G: Images of aortic root lesions stained for MAC2 ( Green ), pγH2AX ( Red ), and DAPI ( Blue ). Scale bar, 60 μm. White arrows , pγH2AX positive cells. H: Log 10 transformed pγH2AX positive cells per section with the addition of constant 1, n = 14–20. P = 0.016 (Ctrl Baseline vs. LDL Lowering), P = 0.0016 (Ctrl Baseline vs. Jak2 VF Baseline), P < 0.0001 ( Jak2 VF Baseline vs. LDL Lowering). All quantifications shown as mean ± s.e.m. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test (B, D, F, and H). DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GasD, gasdermin D; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; MPN, myeloproliferative neoplasm; pγH2AX, phosphorylated histone H2A.X.

Article Snippet: Following blocking, sections were incubated with the following primary antibodies at the indicated concentrations overnight at 4 °C in a humidified chamber: Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) (Abcam, ab119791, 1:250), Cleaved GasD (Cell Signaling, 10137, 10 μg/ml), c-Myc (Cell Signaling, 5605, 5.76 μg/ml), Ki67 (Abcam, ab15580, 9 μg/ml), MAC2 (Cedarlane, CL8942AP 1 μg/ml), MAC2 conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (Cedarlane, CL8942AF4, 1 μg/ml), mer proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) (R&D, BAF591, 2 μg/ml), pγH2AX (Cell Signaling, 9718, 0.74 μg/ml), ZsGreen (Thermo Fisher Scientific, TA180002, 10 μg/ml), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) (Denali, 4D9 DC1847, 1:100).

Techniques: Staining, Transformation Assay, Western Blot, Fluorescence